First Aid Techniques for Drowning

Drowning occurs when the airways become blocked by water, food, foreign objects, or other substances, leading to a lack of oxygen. Quick and correct first aid intervention can save a person's life. In this article, we will discuss the types of drowning and first aid techniques.

What is Drowning?

Drowning is a condition caused by a lack of oxygen due to airway obstruction. Common causes of drowning include:

  • Submersion in water (sea, pool, lake, etc.)
  • Choking on food or a foreign object
  • Inhaling gas or smoke
  • Physical trauma blocking the airway

Types and Symptoms of Drowning

1. Water Drowning

Symptoms:

  • Loss of consciousness
  • Inability to breathe
  • Bluish skin (especially on the lips and fingertips)
  • Rapid or irregular pulse
  • Swollen stomach due to water intake

First Aid Steps:

  1. Remove the person from the water as quickly as possible.
  2. If unconscious and not breathing, perform CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation).
  3. Turn the head to the side to help expel swallowed water.
  4. Call emergency services (911 or 112).
  5. Keep the patient warm.

2. Airway Obstruction Due to Foreign Object (Choking)

Choking occurs when food or a foreign object blocks the airway, either partially or completely.

Symptoms of Partial Blockage:

  • Coughing and difficulty breathing
  • Holding the throat
  • Trouble speaking or breathing

Symptoms of Complete Blockage:

  • Inability to breathe
  • Bluish skin
  • Loss of consciousness

First Aid Steps:

  1. If the person can cough, encourage them to keep coughing.
  2. If there is a complete blockage, perform the Heimlich maneuver:
    • Stand behind the person.
    • Place your fist just above their belly button.
    • Grasp your fist with the other hand and perform quick, inward, and upward thrusts.
  3. If the person loses consciousness, start CPR and call emergency services.

3. Drowning Due to Gas or Smoke Inhalation

Inhaling smoke, carbon monoxide, or other toxic gases can lead to suffocation.

Symptoms:

  • Dizziness and fainting
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Red or bluish skin

First Aid Steps:

  1. Move the person to a safe location with fresh air.
  2. If unconscious and not breathing, perform CPR.
  3. Call emergency services (911 or 112).
  4. If carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected, keep the person warm and calm.

How to Perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

If the person is not breathing due to drowning, immediately perform CPR:

  1. Lay the person on a firm surface, face-up.
  2. Tilt the head back to open the airway.
  3. Check for breathing.
  4. Place your hands on the center of the chest and perform 30 strong and rhythmic compressions.
  5. Close the person's mouth and give two breaths through the nose.
  6. Repeat this cycle (30:2 ratio) until emergency services arrive.

What Not to Do in a Drowning Situation

  • Do not shake or turn the drowning person upside down.
  • Do not give water to an unconscious person.
  • Do not perform the Heimlich maneuver incorrectly, as it may cause rib fractures.
  • Stay calm and apply the correct first aid procedures.

Conclusion

Drowning incidents can be life-threatening, but knowing the right first aid techniques can save lives. CPR, the Heimlich maneuver, and essential emergency response methods can help in such critical situations. Taking first aid training is crucial for handling these emergencies effectively.