How to Perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)? Correct Techniques

Cardiac arrest, drowning, electric shocks, and severe trauma can all lead to the heart stopping. In such situations, CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is a life-saving intervention. When a person’s heart stops, CPR is critical to maintain blood circulation and ensure that oxygen is delivered to the brain and other vital organs. However, knowing the correct techniques for CPR is crucial for effective and safe intervention.

In this post, we will discuss what CPR is, how it should be performed, and the correct techniques step by step.

What is CPR and Why is it Important?

CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) is an emergency life-saving procedure used when someone's heart stops and they stop breathing. CPR involves chest compressions (heart massage) and artificial respiration to maintain blood circulation and oxygen flow to the body. Properly performed CPR can help restart the heart and ensure oxygen reaches the brain and other organs.

Initial Steps to Perform CPR

  1. Ensure Safety
    First, ensure your own safety and the safety of others around you. Check for any dangers in the environment where the casualty is located. For instance, in case of a traffic accident, electric shock, or fire, ensure the surroundings are safe before intervening.

  2. Call Emergency Services (112)
    When a person is unconscious or unresponsive, immediately call 112. Stay with the person and continue CPR until professional help arrives.

  3. Check the Person
    Carefully assess the person. Check their consciousness by calling their name and gently tapping their shoulder. If there is no response, check for breathing. If the person is not breathing, begin CPR.

CPR Techniques to Follow

1. Chest Compressions (Heart Massage)

Chest compressions are the most crucial part of CPR. Heart massage simulates the pumping action of the heart and helps deliver oxygenated blood to the brain and body.

Steps:

  • Place the person on their back and position your hands on the center of their chest, on the sternum (breastbone).
  • Keep your arms straight, with your shoulders directly above your hands. Your fingers should not touch.
  • Place the heel of one hand over the sternum, and place your other hand on top.
  • Apply pressure to compress the chest approximately 5 cm deep. Aim for a compression rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
  • After 30 compressions, perform 2 rescue breaths.

2. Artificial Respiration (Mouth-to-Mouth)

Artificial respiration ensures oxygen reaches the body while chest compressions maintain circulation. If you are administering CPR before professional help arrives, give 2 breaths after every 30 chest compressions.

Steps:

  • Tilt the person's head back slightly and lift their chin to open the airway.
  • Pinch their nose shut, and seal your mouth over theirs to provide breaths.
  • Watch for the chest to rise as the air is delivered.
  • If the chest rises, you have successfully delivered oxygen.

3. CPR for Children and Infants

The CPR techniques for children and infants differ slightly from those for adults. For children, the compression depth should be lighter, and for infants, pressure should be applied with just two fingers.

Steps:

  • For infants under 1 year, use your fingertips to perform chest compressions. The depth should be about 4 cm.
  • For children over 1 year old, you can apply deeper compressions, similar to those used for adults. After 30 compressions, give 2 breaths.

Important Considerations While Performing CPR

  • Proper Depth and Rate: Chest compressions must be deep enough and fast enough. For adults, each compression should be about 5 cm deep and should occur at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.
  • Correct Technique: The position of your body and the technique used are important for effective CPR. Maintaining the correct posture will enhance the efficiency of your compressions.
  • Using Barrier Masks: If a barrier mask (a face shield) is available, it’s safer to use it instead of performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

Conclusion: CPR is a Life-Saving Skill

CPR, when done correctly, can save a life in an emergency. However, knowing and applying the correct techniques is essential for effective intervention. Taking CPR training can improve your ability to help others in critical situations. This skill is not only theoretical; it requires hands-on practice to master.

If you ever find yourself in an emergency where CPR is needed, remember that every second counts. If applied correctly, CPR can make the difference between life and death.